Surrogate Endpoints are substitute measures used in research or clinical trials to predict the effect of a treatment when the direct measurement of the actual outcome is difficult, time-consuming, or expensive. Instead of measuring the primary outcome directly, a related indicator is used as a proxy.

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Its like you feel/smell/observe breeze to make weather forecast

Surrogate endpoints are actually techniques applied before the final results, I think.

I learned the surrogate endpoint.

I learned surrogate endpoints.

AOA, I learned in this lecture that surrogate endpoints for clinical trials are super useful but need to be chosen wisely. ہ کریم آپ کو دونوں جھان کی بھلاٸیاں عطا کرے ۔آمین